Texting All Teams Amazon Enters the Cell Phone Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 565 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Technology Essay Level High school Tags: Cell Phone Essay Did you like this example? According to the case study from the text book, Essentials of Organizational Behavior, (Scandura 252).   Lab126 which is Amazons private lab was given the task in 2009 to develop a new smart which is known as the, Fire Phone today. The case study also stated some features that were brought up during the initial conceptual phase for creating this phone. Such as double touch screens, using the phone as A USB drive, teleconferencing capabilities or infrared cameras. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Texting All Teams: Amazon Enters the Cell Phone Market" essay for you Create order These ideas most likely came up during the, Team Decision Making Methods that the books mention. Brainstorming is one of the most common forms of team decision making (Scandura 237238). Brainstorming is a conference technique of solving specific problems, amassing information, stimulating creative thinking, developing new ideas, etc., by unrestrained and spontaneous participation in discussion (Dictionary.com, 2018). The number of ideas generated in the brainstorming process should be filtered by all the group members. After reviewing all these ideas thoroughly Amazon should have split the group into small teams, and according to their field of expertise they are responsible to explore more in-depth features. For instance, one team could have been focused on refining the idea of using the Fire Phone as a USB drive. It also can be very challenging to evaluate the teams success before placing the product on the market. Therefore, one way to see if this product would sell is to use focus groups to test the new ideas, and possible prototypes of the phone. Using focus groups would avoid and doubt or questions before placing this product on the market. Also, Amazon could have tested the new phone inside their corporation but use different employees not the ones that were involved in developing this product. Using your own employees would be an excellent source of feedback to evaluate the teams success before placing the phone on the market for consumers. As a leader of this highly technical team the best decision-making method for achieving the greatest result for the product would be the Consensus method. This method involves discussing ideas and deferring a final decision until everyone can say they have been heard and will support the final decision (Scandura 238). During this process, team members can convey with each other about other features that could be implemented as they progress forward as a team. The biggest factor in creating this product could be the different personalities of each individual member of the team. Even though, engineers are directed by theories, facts, testing a number in their technical field of expertise; their personality may trigger many conflicts inside the team as they may think that they are right and others wrong (Personailtymax.com,2016). Also, a leader or supervisor cannot be called all the time to resolve conflict, but when a serious issue comes up it must be taking care of immediately. Leadership should come in the play after discussing the problem and trying different methods to reach a solution. Sometimes though as a team or group an agreement cannot be reached and such prevents the team to progress forward. At this point a leader or supervisor needs to step up and make an executive decision and impose his/her authority to solve the conundrum. A important fact to remember when making a final decision as a leader you is to make sure you do undermine anyone on the team so to dont diminish the teams purpose.

Luxury And The Privacy At A Self Catering Lodging

Whether or not you are an independent-minded traveler, you will surely love the luxury and the privacy at a self-catering lodging. Unlike hotel accommodation choices, you will have the freedom to check-in and checkout at your convenience and preference. Plus, the opulent property will give you a relaxing setting for your rejuvenation, inspiring touring opportunities and quick access to nearby attractions. Villas definitely stand atop the list of a self-catering lodging choice. However, it always depends on what you expect from your holiday accommodation based on your needs and budget. In this article, you will find a brief comparison of both the lodging options and the value of each. Hotel holidays: There are close to endless choices of hotels, including both budget and high-end ones at each destination worldwide. That means finding one for your holiday lodging will never be a hassle. This is one of the few reasons why people choose a hotel for their holiday stay. Another plus point is that hotels offer many services without any extra cost. You can get your room cleaned, launder your clothes, and order room service. Plus, the on-site restaurants offer enticing menu choices so that each guest can enjoy some hearty meals during their stay. If your idea of a perfect vacation sounds like this, then a hotel stay might be the best option for you. But in the other hand, hotel rooms can be very limiting and expensive. For a spacious opulent suite, you will end up paying a lot.Show MoreRelatedSunset Boulevard Essay1932 Words   |  8 Pagescompartmentalization that allows the downtrodden to hope and carry on. Sunset Boulevard carefully considers the intricate honeycombs of dishonesty an d deception that constitute a human life, then dissolves the barriers and watches the emotions, lies, and self-contradictions slurry together and react in often volatile and destructive ways. The complex web of half-truths and false impressions that give the diegesis of Sunset Boulevard its convolution manifests in the visual imagery and physical attributesRead MoreHotel Organisation7416 Words   |  30 PagesThese individuals arrange for hotel accommodations through such means as direct telephone lines; hotel sales representatives; travel agencies; property-to-property networks; postal delivery; telex and fax; and other communications services. Every lodging property has its own way of monitoring and managing its reservations function. The reservations department is responsible for receiving and processing reservation requests for future overnight accommodations. Although procedures may differ from hotelRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26269 Words   |  106 Pagesfollowing diagram shows the relationship between the hospitality and tourism industry. Can you think of more services with examples to add to the diagram? Hospitality Industry Tourism Industry Hospitality Institutional/ Welfare Catering e.g. Hospital Catering Commercial Accommodation Services e.g. Hotels, Guest Houses Transportation services e.g. Car Rental, Airlines In Activity 4 we learned the hospitality industry is a part of a wider group of economic activities called tourismRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26276 Words   |  106 PagesThe following diagram shows the relationship between the hospitality and tourism industry. Can you think of more services with examples to add to the diagram? Hospitality Industry Tourism Industry Hospitality Institutional/ Welfare Catering e.g. Hospital Catering Commercial Accommodation Services e.g. Hotels, Guest Houses Transportation services e.g. Car Rental, Airlines In Activity 4 we learned the hospitality industry is a part of a wider group of economic activities called tourism. 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Also, these women are constantly changing their bags especially with different seasons; and handbag retailers like Chanel, Gucci, and Celine offer these products, which always seem to be more versatile and improved. Each season luxury brand, Chanel redesigns and innovates new styles in which they advertise them with tastefulRead MoreProfiles of a Spa Customer6542 Words   |  27 Pages(English.Chosun, 2007). These days spas come a dime a dozen, and massage parlors are as prolific as muscle aches. If before getting a spa treatment was a luxury only few could afford, the times have changed to adapt to the indulgent desires of an evolving status quo. Today spa treatments come in a range of prices, the spas themselves catering to particular markets. There is bound to be one in your neighborhood, just as likely as there is one off-shore in some fancy beach resort. Student prices nowRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesBuffett. How did they do it? Starbucks is also a rapidly growing new firm—not as much as Google, but still great—and a credit to founder Howard Schultz’s vision of transforming a prosaic product, coffee, into a gourmet coffee house experience at luxury prices. Boston Beer burst on the microbrewery scene with Samuel Adams beers, higher priced even than most imports. Notwithstanding this—or maybe because of it—Boston Beer became the largest microbrewer. It proved that a small entrepreneur can compete Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagespersonal account using the access code supplied with the copy of the book. Access the following teaching and learning resources: Resources for students †¢ A dynamic eText of the book which you can search, bookmark, annotate and highlight as you please †¢ Self-assessment questions that identify your strengths before recommending a personalised study plan that points you to the resources which can help you achieve a better grade †¢ Key concept audio summaries that you can download or listen to online †¢ Video

Business Management Motivation Free Essays

Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs (Robbins, 168). For some business analysts, employee motivation is a good way to increase productivity in an organization. When people get motivated, they will have a reason to put more efforts on what they are doing. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Motivation is a crucial management tool in lifting the organization’s work force’s ability. There are many different ways to motivate employees. Employers can motivate their workers as individuals, groups, teams, or the organization as a whole. Motivation takes forms like offering rewards, improving working conditions, or employee recognition. However, which approach should employers try? Team-based reward systems have been raised as an issue in work management areas. Many people prefer team-based reward systems to an individual approach. San Diego Business Journal, issued on Oct. 6, 1997, published an article titled â€Å"Team-Based Productivity Incentive System.† This article summarized the ideas that supported the team-based approach. The author, Bob Harrington, opposed the individual reward system. As he stated, individual reward systems create unnecessary competition and reduce cooperation between employees. It also reduces creativity because employees will only do what is necessary to get rewarded. Moreover, Harrington said team-based incentives influence individuals to work well together and cooperate with one another. No longer are employees and management measured purely against financial information. Instead, outstanding performance is based on a combination of items that measure the strategic objectives of the corporation. This paper will see if the team-based incentive systems are the best approach for business environments as Harrington discussed. Medical insurance and educational opportunities, among others are all common benefits in compensation programs for many manufacturers. Many people argued that these benefits attract and retain employees, but have little to do with work performance. Some also believe that if these benefits are spread out among workers in general, these kinds of work incentives will not guarantee good performance. Well Pay vs. Sick Pay is an example of how an incentive program reinforces wrong behavior and reduces productivity. Manufacturers with incentive systems that reward employees for achievements and growth can increase their competitiveness and profitability in today’s global market. Yes, it is true that organizations need to have incentive systems to satisfy their work force. Team-based incentive systems such as gain sharing, profit sharing, etc., become increasingly popular in work environments. People now are required to work as a team, and altogether help each other to achieve an objective. Your work is my work, and your responsibility is mine. People will become more cohesive as working in a group or a team. Team-based incentives offer several advantages. However, I do not totally agree with Harrington that individual incentive systems do not have any good influence over workers’ performance. Some people are extremely successful when they work on their own. People, who are raised in an individualistic culture, might not benefit from working in a group. So, individual incentive systems do play an important role in increasing a work force’s productivity as long as the employers know how to use this reinforcement system properly. If organizations set a standard to measure individual achievement and reward that individual on what he (she) perform, then, the individual incentive system might work as well as the team-based one. Moreover, managers need to realize that team-based incentive systems might cause Social Loafing effect in the work force – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually (Robbins, 260). Motivations are necessary in a working environment to increase the productivity of the work force. Reward systems must create a win-win situation for employees and employers. Team-based incentive systems might work very well and are a preferred process for many organizations in today’s work market; however, managers should adopt individual incentive systems in many cases, when employees are more skillful, efficient, and effective as working individually. The major purpose of the incentive system is to motivate and organize employees. How to cite Business Management Motivation, Essay examples

Managerial Finance Annual Report and Accounts

Question: Describe about the Managerial Finance of Annual Report and Accounts. Answer: Introduction ASOS Plc is an international fashion stop for young people, founded in the year 2000 and headquartered in London, England. ASOS is a British beauty and online store that aims to offer more than 80,000 branded and self-brand items with the assistance of web encounters and localized mobile from their respective centers situated in United States, China, United Kingdom, and Europe to near about every place in the world (ASOS, 2015). In relation to the financial year 2015, the company was in an advantageous position in the year because it reported an enhancement of around eighty percent of sales in United Kingdom that includes around twelve percent of enhancement in global sales accompanies with steady profits. ASOS has adopted various effective steps to meet the satisfaction of its customers and has framed strategies to enhance its technology developments that have further assisted in attaining the major goals of the company (ASOS, 2015). The consumer involvement of the company continues to be effectively high and developing each year. Furthermore, the motive of the company remains firm in becoming the number one fashionable spot for people especially in the twenties (Deegan, 2011). Computation of 5 Key Ratio Profitability Ratio These ratios are a class of economical metrics that are utilized to evaluate the ability of a business to generate revenues or earnings compared to its costs and other associated expenses incurred during a particular period of time. Return on assets Return on assets is an indicator of how profitable a company is associated to its total assets. It offers an idea as to how effective management is at utilizing its assets to generate earnings. It is computable by dividing the total annual earnings of a company by its total assets and depicted as a percentage. Therefore, higher return on assets ratio signifies better use of assets by a company. Return on Assets 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Income (I) 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 Assets (II) 4,77,897 3,79,963 3,11,751 2,06,278 1,36,168 Return on Assets (I/II) 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.05 0.08 Net Profit Margin This ratio computes the earnings or revenues made by a company as a percentage of the total sales achievable by it. Therefore, higher the distinctions between the revenues and expenses, more is the companys net profit (Christensen, 2011). Thus, net profit margin ratio is very beneficial in ascertaining the capability of a company to enhance its earnings without enhancing its costs in a similar amount. This ratio is computable by dividing the net income of a company by its total sales during a year. The following depicts the net profit margin of ASOS Plc for the past five years: Net Profit Margin 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Income (I) 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 Sales Revenue (II) 11,50,788 9,75,470 7,69,396 2,38,023 3,39,691 Net Profit Margin (I/II) 3.20 3.79 5.32 4.16 3.19 Liquidity Ratio This ratio measures the ability of a company to pay off debt obligations and its margin of safety (MOS) through the computation of metrics accompanying the current ratio, operating cash flow ratio, and quick ratio (Choi Meek, 2011). Thus, to sustain smooth operations of the company, it has to maintain a proportion betwixt its liquid assets and non-liquid assets. Current ratio It is the ratio between current assets and current liabilities of a company. The normal standard of a current ratio is usually two, which implies that the assets of a company must be double of its liabilities so that obligations can be easily paid off. Hence, current ratio going below one is very problematic for a company (Davies Crawford, 2012) Current ratio is computable by dividing the current assets of a company by its current liabilities. Current Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Current Assets (I) 3,37,098 2,60,662 2,33,132 1,47,638 83,809 Current Liabilities (II) 2,37,298 1,85,539 1,51,952 1,00,291 66,848 Current Ratio (I/II) 1.42 1.40 1.53 1.47 1.25 Efficiency ratio This ratio typically applies to banks and in general terms, it implies expenses as a percentage of revenue with a few differences. It is utilized to evaluate how well a company utilizes its liabilities and assets internally (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). It can compute the repayment of liabilities, turnover of receivables, basic use of machinery and inventory, etc. It assists an investor to facilitate comparison between two or more companies of similar industry. Earnings per share (EPS) The EPS of a company is the portion of its profit attributable to each outstanding share of common stock. It is computable by dividing the total earnings of a company by its number of equity shares (Fields, 0qq). The Earnings per share of ASOS Plc during the five-year period are as follows: Earnings Per Share 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Total Earnings attributable to owners 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 No of Shares 83,034 83,125 81,751 79,078 74,375 Earnings Per Share 44.40 44.45 50.06 12.52 14.59 Solvency Ratio This ratio assists in measuring the capability of a company to meet its long-term debts. Besides, the solvency ratio quantifies the company size after tax income, not accommodating non-cash depreciation costs, as contrasted to a companys net debt obligation (Brealey et. al, 2011). In other words, it assists in evaluating the capital structure of a company. Equity Ratio This ratio is a kind of financial ratio that assists in the computation of amount of assets financed by equity. It measures the proportion of net assets financed by stakeholders, as opposed to creditors. It is computable by dividing the total assets of a company by its total equity (Brigham Daves, 2012). Besides, ASOS does not possess any leverage and hence debt is absent. The following portrays the equity ratio of ASOS during the five-year period: Equity Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Total Equity (I) 2,37,315 1,93,031 1,59,799 1,05,987 72,120 Total Assets (II) 4,77,897 3,79,963 3,11,751 2,06,278 1,36,168 Equity Ratio (I/II) 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.53 Price Earnings Ratio (P/E ratio) In order to compute the Price Earnings ratio of ASOS Plc, it is crucial to consider the share prices of the company and its previous reported earnings. The following depicts the P/E ratio of ASOS based on several sources: Market price per share (equity) = 4,606 (approximately) EPS (Earnings per share) = 44.40 P/E ratio is computable by dividing the price per share by its earnings per share. Therefore, the P/E ratio of ASOS reports at 4606 / 44.40 = 103.74 Since the current P/E ratio of the company reports at around 18 times, it is assumable that an investor is more likely to sacrifice a price that is 103.74 times the EPS of the company. Analysis based on above calculation Profitability Ratio- It is observable that the company has attained significant growth achievements despite the fact that it has not existed for a prolonged period. Furthermore, its net profit margin ranges from 3%-5% that is a good indicator. The ROTA of ASOC has also been firm and it is noticeable that the company is striving to develop with every surpassing year. Both the net profit margin and ROTA was at maximum in 2013. Liquidity- The current ratio of ASOS reports around 1.5 every year that is not very beneficial but at the same time, not so dangerous to its liquidity. It is assumable that the companys liquidity is in a moderate zone. Efficiency- EPS of the company assists in determining its efficiency. It is observable that EPS has enhanced since the past five years that signifies successful implementation of strategies, thereby facilitating in better earnings of the company. Investment- The capital structure of the company refers to its investment and it is observable that its capital structure is free from debt. This means that the company operations are conducted through the funds obtained from issue of shares (Albrecht et. al, 2011). Besides, the solvency of ASOS Plc relies on its capital structure. However, the equity ratio of ASOS is also firm during the five years, which signifies adequate maintenance of investment in equity and assets in a same proportion that has facilitated in sustenance of equity ratio to be around 0.50. ASOS Plcs movement of share prices during 2014-2015 The below-mentioned graph portrays the movement of share price of ASOS during 2014-2015. It is observable that the company share prices vary from 4,194 GBP to 1,785 GBP in the year. Besides, the decline in share prices was noticeable in the beginning months after which the company made a huge leap and attained its maximum in the month of April 2015 that reported share price at 3000 GBP (ASOS Plc, 2016). Conclusion It is observable that the aggregate performance of the company is quite good despite the fact that it has been in operation for only sixteen years and still, it has managed to attain impressive outcomes. Furthermore, the company has played a key role in adequate satisfaction of investors through appropriate implementation of the strategies. This signifies the core strength and fundamentals of the company that has allowed it to gain a competitive advantage in the market. Thus, ASOS Plc is clearly to perform with better outcomes in the upcoming future and the investors can continue investment in the company for obtaining better returns. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. Stice, J 2011, Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. ASOS 2015, ASOS Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 17 August 2016, https://www.asosplc.com/investors/results-reports/2015.aspx ASOS Plc 2016, ASOS share price information, viewed 17 August 2016, https://www.asosplc.com/investors/shareprice-information/shareprice-chart.aspx Brealey, R., Myers, S. Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C 2011, Financial Management: Theory and Practice, USA: Cengage Learning. Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Christensen, J 2011, Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41-51 Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fields, E 2011, The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers, New York: American Management Association.

What makes up an effective leadership an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

What makes up an effective leadership? Introduction One of the most crucial elements of a successful group work is the leadership ability of the group head. Above anyone else in a group, the leader is the person with the vision; a person whose vision transcends beyond the limits of time, age, race, resources, and any other barriers. Need essay sample on "What makes up an effective leadership?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Clark (2007) clearly had it: Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader and good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. This suggests that in every individual, there lies leadership ability. It just needs honing. Further Clark (2007) added that in order for a leader to inspire his/her workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things he/she must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels, said Clark (2007). Indeed, of what meaning would laurels be if the individual is not continuously updating his/her knowledge and skills to become an effective leader? Leadership, being a broad topic as it is, could not be defined by just a single author. Leadership is a dynamic field. One culture may see leadership differently compared with another culture. In any event, it all depends upon each cultures situation; set of most abiding beliefs and attendant values; and needs. There is a myriad of concepts of what constitutes an effective leadership. First, this paper aimed to discuss the three general forms of leadership: (1) democratic, (2) laissez-faire, and (3) autocratic. Second, this paper offered a critique on the best form of leadership to adopt. The data supporting the authors concept were gathered through the authors leadership history and through various published works on leadership. Forms of Leadership There are different forms of leadership. For purpose of simplicity, this paper adopts the categorization proposed by Kurt Lewin (1939). Democratic Style. Also called the participative style, the democratic style of leadership encourages members to be a part of the decision making process. The leader keeps his or her members informed about everything that affects their work and participates decision making and problem solving responsibilities. This style requires the leader to be a coach who has the final say, but gathers information from staff members before making a decision. This is opposed to autocratic style of leadership where all the decisions come from the leader and the members do not participate in the decision-making process. Laissez-faire Style. This French term means leave it be. True to it, the laissez-faire leadership style is also referred to as the hands-off style. In this form of leadership, the leader provides little or no direction and gives the members as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. Autocratic Style. This is often considered the classical approach. It is one in which the manager retains as much power and decision-making authority as possible. The leader does not consult his or her constituents nor are the constituents allowed to express any idea or input. The constituents are expected to obey orders without receiving any explanations. The motivation environment is produced by creating a structured set of rewards and punishments. Those who obey the leader get rewards while those who do not get punished. Authoritarian leaders provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. Critique: What is the best form of leadership to adopt? Ideally, the form of leadership that one should adopt must depend of the needs and goals of the organization. But democratic style is gaining popularity because of its participative nature. Let us critique each style of leadership. Autocratic leadership, as its nature suggests, is undermining the capabilities of its members to create, think, decide, and suggest. This form of leadership relies on punishments and threats to influence the members. Since the leader does not allow the members to suggest ideas, essentially, he does not trust the intellectual faculty of its members. But do not get the impression that autocratic style of leadership is evil and restrictive and ineffective. It may work somehow on certain situations like having new members in a group who are inexperienced and do not know what tasks to execute and procedures to follow. In this case the leader dictates and usually makes the decision. Time can also influence the form of leadership that one adopts. If there is limited time, the leader may actually decide without consulting its members. Of course this is a case-to-case basis. That is why it is very important for a leader to know how to PROPERLY use this type to achieve the goal of the organization. Laissez-faire type of leadership may be effective when the members of the group are highly educated, highly skilled, and highly experienced. In such case, the role of the leader is limited to being the mediator in the group. Of all the leadership style, the democratic style is gaining popularity because it is participative in nature. They say two brains are better than one. Indeed! Problems are easier solved when many brains search for the solution. A more polished plan is produced if many brains would constructively critique the plan. And most importantly, history would tell that many of human successes were born out of collective action rather than by an individual enterprise. So therefore, what is the most effective style of leadership to adopt? It all depends on the leaders experience and personal background, the members, and the vision and mission of the organization. At some point, the leader may be autocratic or democratic or a combination of different types. That is why it is very important the leader should be dynamic, intelligent, quick-thinker, flexible, respectful, trustworthy, and all those positive attitudes. However, Lewins research in 1939 discovered that democratic leadership is generally the most effective leadership style. Not only do democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but also enable participation in the group and allow input from other group members. In Lewins 1939 study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a much higher quality. There is no restriction to human imagination and creativity. Surely, the leader knows the best form of leadership to adopt in order to achieve the goal of the group. Conclusion The different types of leadership according to Kurt Lewin (1939) have been discussed. There are no hard and fast criteria as to what makes up an effective leadership. The style of leadership that a leader assume depends on many factors such as, but not limited to, the experience of the leader, the characteristics of the members, and the mission and vision of the organization. Bibliography Clark D. (2007). The Art and Science of Leadership [internet]. Available from: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leader.html [Accessed 11 August 2007]. Lewin, K., LIippit, R. and White, R.K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301

organ essays

organ essays By this time tomorrow, 12 people in America who are alive right now will be dead. Not because they were in a car wreck, not even because they werent in the hospital, but simply because they couldnt be given a life-saving transplant in time. 12 people will die because the organ transplant they need will not be possible. There are more than enough potential donors who pass away each day who could meet all the needs of people on the waiting list. The problem is, those potential donors die without leaving instructions that they are prepared to help someone live after them This is a problem on an enormous scale. Currently, nearly 60,000 Americans are waiting for a life saving organ transplant One to two people are added to the national waiting list for organs every fifteen minutes. Only five thousand people have donated organs each year for the past twelve years. Kidney transplantation has a one year success rate of greater than 90%. B. Heart transplantation has a one year success rate of greater than 85%. C. Liver transplantation has a one year success rate of greater than 65%. D. Tissue transplant can restore sight, hearing, and other functions. ORGAN DONATION BRINGS STRONG, POSITIVE BENEFITS TO THE DONOR FAMILY. A. Research shows that donations provide comfort and long-term consolation to donor family members. B. Family members need to feel that their loved ones death has meaning, especially when the donor isyoung or has died suddenly ...

Negligence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Negligence Law - Essay Example Stevenson.4 This is the seminal case which changed the nature of duty. In this case, the plaintiff found a slug in her ginger beer and sued the proprietor of the store who sold this. The justice stated that duty would be broadly defined, in that anybody who might be harmed by the tortfeasor are people to whom the tortfeasor owes a duty. Therefore, privity is not required. Capraro v. Dickman5 expanded on the Donoghue analysis, stating that duty of care is required when there is foreseeable harm, proximity between the parties and that holding the tortfeasor liable would be reasonable and just. Breach is the next element that needs to be proved. Basically, negligence turns on whether or not the duty of care is breached. According to Bolton v. Stone6 states that the injury must be foreseeable for there to be a breach. In that case, the plaintiff was hit by a cricket ball. However, it was not foreseeable that a cricket ball would fly out of the arena and hit a remote person, therefore, th e injury was not foreseeable and the defendants were held not be negligent and did not breach a duty of care. Overseas Tankship v. Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd7 also illustrates this point. In Overseas, the defendants were allowing oil to spill out on water, and they were also sending sparks into the oil on the water. The oil ignited. However, the Overseas court held that the it was not foreseeable for water to ignite, therefore the defendants were not held liable. Causation is the next element. There is direct causation, which means that the defendant directly caused injury, and proximate causation. In proximate causation, the tortfeasor may not have directly caused the injury, but the injury was related to the tortfeasor's actions. defendant’s actions. Courts will classically use the â€Å"but for† test for causation, which means that, but for the defendant's negligence, the injury would not have occurred. Several cases may illustrate how this is applied, or not applied, as the case may be. Courts will not apply hold a defendant negligent if the injury would have occurred anyway, even if there was no negligence. For instance, in the case of South Australia Asset Management Corp. v. York Montague Ltd., a classic example of this type of injury was stated – a mountaineer is about to go on a difficult climb, but is worried about his knee. His doctor negligently examines the mountain climber and tells him he is fit to climb. The climber goes on his climb and is injured. But for the negligent medical examination the climber would not have been on the mountain climb. However, the actual injury has nothing to do with the knee – perhaps the climber is struck by a falling rock on the climb. In this situation, the doctor isn't liable for negligence, even though the climber would never have been injured but for the doctor's negligence. Another example of injury or death which might be held to be result of negligence, but was deemed not t o be the proximate cause of the death is the case of Barnett v Chelsea & Kensington Hospital Management Committee. 8 In this case, a man went to an emergency room but was told to go home and call his doctor. He died of arsenic poisoning. It was held,

Sales Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Proposal - Essay Example The brochures containing information about the different models of air conditioners are with me. All I need to do is make a concise proposal and hand it to the customer along with the prices and the brochure. The proposal must be made in a letter that is not more than two pages in length. The proposal begins with the reference to the customer’s verbal enquiry, and goes on to thank him for the same. The range of the air conditioners is divided into three categories, as top class, medium level, and the regular air conditioners. I arm myself with all the information and brochures of the top class air conditioners. I also take with me a few brochures of the medium and the regular ranges. The literature containing my proposal and the brochures are packed into my brief case. I neatly place two ball pens at the slots provided inside the brief case. The proposal provides the main features of the air conditioners and requests the customer to refer to the brochures for more details. The proposal is careful to mention the advantages of the company’s air conditioners compared to the other air conditioners available in the market. I take a blank proforma invoice with me so that when the order is placed the customer gets the proforma invoice against which he can make the payment. I will send him the regular bill with the air conditioner. It is 4.00 pm and I am at the customer’s residence. I politely introduce myself and enter the residence. I open my brief case and hand him my proposal and the brochures. The customer goes through the proposal in silence. Then he asks me how much time it would take for the air conditioner to be fitted in his bedroom. I tell him it would take about an hour. He asks me some more routine questions and I answer them politely. I then convince him about the benefits of the air conditioner and the changes he can expect in his residence with the new air conditioner.

Social Assessment of Family Resource Centers Essay

Social Assessment of Family Resource Centers - Essay Example One such source would be institutions known as Family Resource Centers. According to a link for Family Resource Centers through the state of Colorado, their mission would remain to be seen as, "Working as a catalyst within high-risk urban and rural communities, family resource centers utilize a comprehensive and proven community-based approach to improving health, social, educational and economic outcomes for entire families, not just individuals," ("Family Resource", p.1). Socially speaking, these agencies would be in place, for the overall purpose, of aiding families with basic needs that are otherwise not being met. By providing the necessary education, so that these respective families may be able to overcome their current circumstances and be able to achieve a better standard of living. In terms of a policy assessment, the act of engaging those most affected by the problem, in the quest of improving their own life, would appear to be the most beneficial of the suggested options. Essentially, "Greater than the sum of its parts, FRCA provides a safety net of quality services to vulnerable families and children across Colorado," ("Family Resource", p.1). ... Essentially, "Greater than the sum of its parts, FRCA provides a safety net of quality services to vulnerable families and children across Colorado," ("Family Resource", p.1). The policy of this institution at its core would be the providing of aid and encouragement, for the betterment of all susceptible families within the Colorado area. In times of both state, as well as federal economic woes, it can become quite easy for some, to approach different programs in terms of assessing their benefits and determining if they should be spared the cut from the budget rolls, or in fact, are not viable enough and ultimately, should be cut from expenditures made. To make the argument for this program, a letter was composed by Bill Michaels, who would serve as the State Executive Director of the Family Resource Center Association, Inc. As part of his central argument, Mr. Michaels asserts, "Despite seemingly insurmountable odds, Colorado's family resource centers are committed to ensuring that families across the state have access to resources in their communities that will enable them to persevere and prosper," (Michaels, p.1). For those who are in charge of allocating the funds for various programs, the assertion made by Bill Michaels, would be done so for the sake of maintaining the relevance and ultimate need remaining for the program that he would be in charge of. The issue of funding would further be addressed by Mr. Michaels in his letter, in this manner: The work of Colorado's family resource centers is made possible by contributions from individuals and organizations. Their generosity allows the centers to continue their efforts on behalf of Colorado's families.

John Snow The Father Of Epidemiology History Essay

John Snow The Father Of Epidemiology History Essay John Snow (1813-1858), the father of epidemiology, has a legacy that still exists today. His use of epidemiological methods helped identify the risks of certain diseases and has also helped establish what preventative actions should be taken in response to an outbreak. He was a great man that is known for his work involving anesthesia and cholera. In Snows short lifetime, Oleckno claims (2008), He is credited with writing over 100 books, pamphlets, essays, articles, and letters to the editor on a variety of medical topics(p.1691) including his very famous book, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, which describes the cholera outbreak that took place in Soho in 1854 (Oleckno, 2008, p. 1691). Snows studies have shaped the worlds views on epidemiology as a science, and they have changed the way we confront public health problems that still exist today. Snows experiments provided a perfect example of this science since epidemiology is concerned with who gets sick, and why they get si ck. Research by Blank and Jameson (2007) proves that, Snows work still serves as an example of how prevention can be effective without an explicit understanding of the exact mechanism of underlying pathogenesis (p. 3). Although his ideas were highly debatable at the time when it came to the spread of cholera, Snow still pressed on and eventually got his point across. Through his hard work and persistent determination, John Snow is seen as a pioneer who brought the use of anesthesia out of the dark ages, and a savior who contributed to rescuing London from the terrors that cholera produced (Oleckno, 2008, p 1692). Snow was born on March 15, 1813 to a working class family in York, England. As a young boy, Snow proved that he was very bright. He particularly excelled in mathematics. His mother recognized his intelligence and eagerness to learn, so she placed him in a private school where he could shine. Snow had a desire to become a doctor, and when he was fourteen he attained an appre ntice job alongside Dr. William Hardcastle, a pharmacist, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne (Old News, 2005, p. 8). Hardcastle exposed Snow to cholera patients during an outbreak in Killingworth in 1832, effectively giving him a medical understanding. In 1836, Snow entered the Hunterian School of Medicine in London. While in school, he also gained more clinical experience at the Westminster Hospital. In 1843 he received his bachelor of medicine, and in 1844 he graduated as a MD from The University of London (Simmons, 2002, p. 163). At this time, and for his lifetime, John Snow was described as a modest bachelor who was very healthy. He followed a strict vegetarian diet since the age of seventeen (Mawson, 2009, p. 498), and he abstained from drinking alcohol. On occasion, he would even publicly support temperance. John Snow lived in Soho, London on Frith Street. After moving to Soho, Snow distinguished himself by making the first scientific studies on the effects of anesthetics. He focused most of his scientific experiments on the usage of ether and chloroform. According to Hempel (2007) Snow, Was looking for the perfect narcotic vapor; effective, easy to administer, and completely safe (p. 97). Ether and chloroform are colorless, unstable, liquids that come from ethyl alcohol. They were formerly used as inhalant anesthetics. Chloroform however, was known to cause heart problems. John Snow is very interesting to me in the fact that he experimented with anesthetics on himself. He did this for nine years, and ahis goal was to identify a drug that had the properties and advantages of chloroform, but was similar to ether in not causing cardiac arrest (Mawson, 2009, p.498). Snow studied the advantages and disadvantages of each of the narcotics, and eventually he developed an anesthetic inhaler with a mouthpiece. After putting the inhaler on his f ace, Snow would record the dosage he was about to give himself, and then release the gas he was testing. He would fall unconscious very quickly, and would remain knocked out for different periods of time depending on the drug and the amount he was using. When he would awake, Snow would record the amount of time he was unconscious for. These tests helped determine how much a patient could handle, especially when being operated on. Because Snow made the usage of these drugs more safe and effective, surgeons no longer risked killing their patients by using the wrong amount of a certain anesthetic. Also, in 1847, Snow published a textbook entitled, On the Inhalation of the Vapour Ether in Surgical Operations. This book classified Snow as an anesthesia expert in England. Snows newly gained fame as becoming a pioneer in anesthetics led to his invitation to assist in delivering Queen Victorias children, Prince Leopold and Princess Beatrice (Oleckno, 2008, p. 1691). The mask he had invented was used to administer chloroform to Queen Victoria. It aided her while she was giving birth to her last two children. After his work in anesthetics, Snow moved on to investigating cholera. According to Codeco Coelho (2006), His work on cholera was fundamental in many ways: he proposed methods and ideas that are still part of the basic toolkit of modern epidemiology, such as time-spacial analysis and notions of source exposure and incubation periods (p.16). Even before John Snow decided to take on cholera, it overwhelmed civilization for many years prior. Cholera was present in India in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Cholera occurred in three main waves, each one its own pandemic. The first pandemic took place from 1817 to 1823. The second pandemic carried cholera to Europe, and then across the Atlantic Ocean to North America in 1826 and 1837. When the third pandemic began in 1846, John Snow decided to step in. Microbiology has proved that cholera is caused by the bacteria, Vibrio cholerae. This can enter the body from contaminated food, but mainly from contaminated water. The bacterium e ffects a persons digestive system; mainly the small intestine. It causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, which leads to dehydration. According to Ball (2009), As the concentration of the water in the bloodstream decreases, the blood becomes thick and tarlike. The heart rate becomes irregular and dehydrated limbs begin to shrivel (p. 106). If a cholera patient is not rehydrated with a saline solution, death can occur very quickly. At the time, physicians knew little about the origins of cholera. The common belief was that cholera was caused by miasmas; bad odors that came into the atmosphere from foul smelling areas. Cholera was also thought to be a disease of the blood, not of the digestive system. John Snow, a member of the Cholera Inquiry Committee (Paneth, Vinten-Johansen, Brody, Rip, 1999, p.1545), had his own revolutionary ideas. He had done a lot of work with identifying the causes of contagious diseases in the past, and when it came to cholera, he felt that people were getting sick because there were tiny parasites in the water. According to Oleckno (2008), Cholera was transmitted primarily through contaminated drinking water via the fecal- oral route and not through miasmas (p. 1691). It had not been proved yet that miniature organisms could make people sick, and Snow was not widely supported. Vachon (2005) reinforces this idea, claiming, This was not an original idea, but it was an unpopular one dur ing the first half of the nineteenth century (p. 1-2). When cholera struck London in 1848, Snow decided to track the progress of the disease. He wanted to prove that his ideas about the cause of cholera were correct. In August of 1849 Snow published a pamphlet entitled, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. This pamphlet proved his theory on the cause of cholera through the many examples given. Publishing a highly debatable essay like this was done at his own risk, but Snow felt that he had demonstrated a relatively reasonable argument in his pamphlet. He felt that the conditions in which cholera developed were spread throughout many neighborhoods. If theses cholera epidemics were ever going to end, something would have to be done. Snows ideas expressed in, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera had little effect on what his colleagues had thought. Despite this setback, Snow pushed on, and stuck to his original ideas. He carried out more experiments from this time on proving that his ideas were correct. Snow is best known for two experiments that he conducted in London. While the third pandemic of cholera was still raging through London in 1854, Snow began a project that he called his Grand Experiment. Snow compared the cholera death rates in each household supplied by two rival water companies; the Southwark and Vauxhall Company and the Lambeth Company. According to Ball (2009), He demonstrated that six out of every seven cholera deaths occurred in houses that received water from the Southwark and Vauxhall Company, instead of the Lambeth Company (p. 107). The question was, why were people who received their water from the Southwark and Vauxhall Company sick with cholera when both companies received their water from the Thames River? When it was discovered that the Southwark and Vauxhall Company drew their water from a more polluted area of the river, Snows proposed connection between cholera and contaminated water began to make sense. People that drank water from this source were m ore likely to contract cholera than people drinking from other sources because of the dirty water that was being used. Oleckno claims that (2008), Through painstaking investigation, Snow provided credible evidence that cholera was transmitted by sewage contaminated water years before the germ theory of disease was firmly established (p. 1691). This experiment, in my opinion, was a big step for not only John Snow, but a major contribution to society. This new discovery would help convince the population that cholera was a waterborne bacterial disease, and would lead to better public sanitation. Snow also conducted a localized study in the Golden Square of the Soho district, where he lived. This experiment is probably the most widely known of the two. The events that took place on Broad Street, now Broadwick Street, started with a five month old baby named Francis Lewis (Ball, 2009, p.107). The child had developed cholera, and to this day no one knows how she contracted it. After Francis died, her mother washed her soiled sheets and clothes and emptied the dirty water into a cesspool in the front of their house. It didnt take long at all for the residence on Broad Street to contract the disease, and the number of deaths from cholera had risen to over five hundred after only ten days. Snow now had to determine where the outbreak started. According to The Lancet (2005), Snow also faced considerable difficulties: he personally visited the homes of 658 people who had died of cholera; he had to abandon his anesthesia practice for weeks at a time to do his cholera investigations; and The Lancet and Parliament both pilloried him (p. 957). Snow started first by knocking on all the doors in the Golden Square neighborhood. He visited every house, and while he was there he questioned the familys consumption of water. After Snow gathered all of this valuable information, he drew a map with a black spot representing every death where it occurred. This map emphasizes Snows genius because the technique he used, now called disease- mapping, is a vital tool used in epidemiology. He noticed that at the center of his map was the Broad Street Pump. Snow had an idea that the pump was the cause of the outbreak, but because the deaths were inconsistent, he had no evidence to support his prediction. Ball (2009) says, Broad Street water had a reputation for being colder and more carbonated than the water from surrounding pumps, so it had attracted a clientele from adjacent neighborhoods (p. 108). After Snow interviewed the people who had a family member die, he discovered that many people stopped to drink from this pump when they were on their way to school or work. Two observations after his investigation really stood out to Snow. One was that there had been no deaths among the workers at the Lion Brewery on Broad Street. When Snow learned that the workers received liquor as a part of their wages, and barely drank water from the pump, the reason why there had been no casualties made sense. The second baffling observation was the death of a woman named Susanna Eley. Eley was a widow who moved from Broad Street to Hampstead (Ball, 2009, p. 108). After Eley died, Snow interviewed her surviving sons and discovered that she loved the taste of Broad Street water so much, that she had it delivered to her new house in Hampstead from the pump on Broad Street. This information was exactly what Snow needed. He now had evidence that the pump was in fact the source of the outbreak because an outside person had deceased after drinking the pumps water. Now that he had an adequate amount of data and some solid evidence, Snow requested to talk to the Board of Guardians by St. James Parish to come up with a plan to deal with the cholera outbreak. After some persuasion, Snow convinced the local parish officials to remove the handle of the Broad Street pump, and on September 8, 1854 it was done. According to the MMWR (2004), Snows studies and the removal of the pump handle became a model for modern epidemiology. (p. 783). This gesture had little to do with ending the epidemic because the outbreak was nearly over. However, when he convinced the parish officials to remove the handle of the pump, this became a historic example of a public health intervention. After the pump was dug out, it was revealed that the well that served the pump ran near broad street sewage pipes and cesspools. Although it was never determined how the well became contaminated with the bacteria that spread cholera in the first place, it is assumed that the dirty wat er Sarah Lewis dumped outside her house upon the death of her infant caused the entire incident (Ball, 2009, p. 108). On June 16, 1858, John Snow, a legend, died at the age of forty five. On June 10, 1858, while finishing his book, On Chloroform and Other Anesthetics, Snow fell off his chair. He became paralyzed on his left side, and started vomiting blood (Hempel, 2007, p. 246). The cause of death appeared to be a stroke caused by chronic renal failure. He was buried at Brompton Cemetery in London, England. Today, there is still a replica of the Broad Street pump in Soho, London (Ball, 2009, p.105). This tribute reminds us of Snows legacy, and his perseverance in tackling cholera in the 1800s. Snow is still recognized today as a contributor to public health history because he proposed the waterborne theory of cholera and proved that it was right. He was known first for his continued efforts and work in anesthesiology, but his extensive experiments dealing with cholera led to a greater impact. Snows constant persistence and desire to never give up, led people to finally believe what he was saying wa s true. His experiments also helped us deal with later outbreaks. The mapping and the field studies he did, now have their own modern names, proving their lasting impact. Medical cartography and shoe leather epidemiology are what these techniques are known as today. Although Snows death was saddening, he did leave behind a great reputation for himself. According to Oleckno (2008), Today there is a professional society, a college, a government building, a public health consulting firm, and a tavern bearing his name (p. 1691). Snows medical significance is still so apparent that in 2003, a medical magazine called Hospital Doctor, voted Snow as the greatest doctor in history. Cholera has been eradicated in most of the developed countries in the world, and according to WHO (2005), In 2004 there were 36 reported cases of cholera in the Americas and 21 cases in Europe (p. 957). Figuring out the mystery of cholera would be just as great as if we found a solution to AIDS today. Snows logic is considered to be very influential in the field of public health, and his methods have affected the way we solve public health issues today.

Total Quality Management Essay -- essays research papers fc

Total Quality Management Total Quality Management Total Quality Management is a strategic system involving teamwork, which is essential to the success of all businesses. This process has been developed and strengthened over several decades. This has caused businesses to work together to improve their knowledge of recent technology and approaches to training. Total Quality Management helps to competitively meet the demands of customers’ by bringing organizations together with management enabling professionals to improve customer quality. Total Quality Management was developed not long after World War II. The United States occupation force’s was aiding Japan to help them develop quality systems to resolve problems concerning the telephone system. W. Edwards Deming and JM Juran were businessmen who were deeply concerned with the issues occurring in Japan. These businessmen eventually brought Total Quality Management to the United States although it was initially limited to munitions and telecommunications. It was a method of sorting out defective products from good products by careful inspection through a production line. (http://tqms.com/). Philip B. Crosby is a businessman who consistently emphasizes the importance of total quality Management through his numerous speeches. He solely believed in carefulness and doing things right the first time in order to prevent errors. Crosby thought it would be a greater loss of sales and money to neglect problems. He strongly believe...

Focused on the sport Essay

â€Å"This is perfect! Just like I had dreamt of it; the lush green grass, the beautiful uniforms, a brilliant coach and a team full of exuberance. This is my day; I am living my dream to be the best soccer player! † Andi could not control his ecstasy of being at a soccer practice club on this bright day under the clear sky after finally having convinced his father after months to let him excel in this field of sport. With the whistle of the coach, the boys started chasing the ball and striving to get to the goal by saving their moves very closely from their competitors. Andi, a tall and lanky 16 year old boy with tanned skin and hair falling at his forehead, was one player that stood out of the team because of his incredible swiftness and strategic positioning while he was tackling players. The soccer coach named David has immediately pointed him out in his head as somebody who could even be the captain of the team. After the practice, David approached Andi and asked, â€Å"Wow! You were brilliant out there at the field; great work, Andi! What inspires you to be so focused on the sport? † Andi responded beaming, â€Å"My grandfather. In my opinion, he was the best soccer player alive on planet earth – and that’s what I want to become. One day, I will show the world what I have in me. I would love to talk to you, coach, but I have to rush home because my homeroom teacher is waiting to prepare me for my final exam next month. See you tomorrow! † As Andi walked out of the club, David watched him with a gratifying smile on his face and said to himself, â€Å"The future of soccer looks bright with these little hero around† After a short walk home, Andi was engrossed into his books in no time and listening intently to whatever his teacher, Mr. Jeremy was explaining along with questioning actively whenever he was baffled by the complications of mathematics. The teacher was genuinely impressed by Andi’s concentration and complimented Mr. Budiman, â€Å"If all parents groom their kids the way you did, sir, no power on earth can stop this country from prospering. † This left Mr. Budiman’s chest heavy in pride for the rest of the two weeks, when things were perfect and he was happy that he let Andi go for soccer practice 5 days a week. After the two weeks of perfection had passed, Andi returned home after furious, intense and extremely tiring soccer practice and slumped on couch without being bothered about Mr. Jeremy waiting for him. â€Å"Aaaaah, can’t I get a day off today? I am in no state of solving math problems or understanding scientific theories. The practice left my entire body aching; it’s horrible, sir! † Before Mr. Jeremy could respond, Mr. Budiman glared at Andi with his face turning red and fists clenched and before even he could say something, Andi shot up from the couch within a millisecond and sat across Mr. Jeremy on the study table. â€Å"I better watch out for daddy; he will jeopardize my soccer practice if I fail this stupid exam,† Andi mumbled under his breath while opening his books. Andi managed to put up a straight face and seem interested with lines on his forehead but clearly, he was sleeping with his eyes open. Not only did he manage to fool Mr. Jeremy, but also David, when he lost focus and concentration on the game but pretended to be vigorous about it. It would not have been this disappointing if the entire team was not suffering because of his performance. The radiance from his face had vanished and was replaced by constant yawning, heaving and frequent â€Å"Oh god, when will this practice end? † expressions. While running towards the soccer ball, Andi ran out of breath and slowed down and eventually bent with hands on his knees to catch his breath and regain his strength. During the act, a team member came running passionately towards the ball and bumped into Andi with such an impact, Andi toppled over twice. David blew the whistle instantly and the team members gathered around Andi in no time to find a sprained ankle. David came running with a sprain spray and held Andi’s Ankle, â€Å"Ouch! Don’t touch it, it hurts! Oh no, not this spray, it burns like no tomorrow! Don’t! STOP! DAVID! NO! † But David was wise enough to ignore Andi and spray on his ankle. David lifted Andi in his arms and took him to the first aid corner of the club and laid him on a bed. â€Å"Sssh! Just stay right here. Rest until you think you can go home, I will call your father till then and ask him to get you† said David sternly. â€Å"Don’t call my dad; you will put my soccer career on stake! † blurted Andi. â€Å"What are you talking about, young man? Injuries are part of sports† said David calmly. â€Å"You don’t get it! My dad didn’t want me to play soccer because my grandfather was a soccer player himself and got paralyzed during a match injury. My father will never let me play if he hears about this† expressed Andi exasperatedly. Listening to his plea was definitely not what a good coach should do, thus, David called Mr. Budiman explaining the entire situation; he also added, â€Å"I’m very worried about Andi personally; he doesn’t seem to be the same fire starter Andi anymore. He’s losing his concentration and is always exhausted; in fact, he is not as fit as he used to be, which means his health is also suffering. He should take time off and rest till he’s fresh and ready to be back on the field† The next week was tense – the air around the house was tough on Andi; suffocating at instances. Andi’s vibrant face was melancholic and he would just stay in his room and only come out for meals (which he would skip at times) and when Mr. Jeremy came for lessons. Mr. Budiman naturally did not like the state his son was in, so he entered Andi’s room one day, sat besides him on the bed and after relieving a long sigh, said, â€Å"Look son, I want the best of the future for you. The decisions I make for you are all based on what’s best for YOU. Just concentrate on your exam for the time being. Things will be better soon. † Andi nodded lightly. Andi worked hard for the exam with Mr. Jeremy but could not take his mind off the green fields and the smell of victory, so he went and watched his team play at times. The soccer competition has 8 teams, if Andi’s team can go through to the finals, they will have 4 games in totals (Huddleston, N. D). Andi’s team clears the first two rounds despite facing challenges and hurdles due to Andi not being present. Andi’s depression grew when he imagined the semi finals and finals without him even after knowing that his recovery had been quick and smooth. But something inside of him rekindled the fire and passion for soccer and he decided to speak to his father. â€Å"Dad, you have seen me work hard for the exam; I did what you wanted. Can’t I deserve another chance? Soccer is my dream, dad! How can I just let it go? † After a long discussion, Mr. Budiman agreed but on the condition of Andi clearing the finals with good grades. David had a hard time deciding too, because a new player cannot enter the match at this stage, but thinking in favor of the team, he knew it was sensible to let Andi play. Before he knew it, Andi was in the team once again with the zeal and fervor doubled! The big day was here and the entire team was pumped up to get the cup; the audience was cheering loudly for Andi’s team on the bright sunny day of Sunday. Mr. Budiman was also surprisingly very charged up for the match and was waving a banner that said â€Å"Go Andi! † in the air. The next 50 minutes for which the match lasted were extremely magical; Andi was like a rocket on fire and his performance kept soaring higher like a bird; expectations grew and the crowd was fanatically cheering for Andi who very shrewdly, strategically and athletically earned goal after goal. Mr. Budiman could not help but jump on his seat and sing victory songs for his son with face shining and a permanent smile. To nobody’s surprise, Andi’s team won the finals before the competitors could even gear up. Andi, the best player, was summoned in the air on the team’s shoulders after which the players hugged each other so tight that the bond seemed to be unbreakable. Mr. Budiman could not control and he ran into the field and hugged his son teary eyed saying, â€Å"You played just like your grandfather, like a true hero! I’m so very proud of you, son! † Celebrations were inevitable but Andi focused on making his dad even more proud by taking a great final; which he clearly managed to do. He got an A grade on his exam and announced it proudly with a â€Å"I did it, dad! †, which resulted in a father-son relationship that was incredibly beautiful. Andi and Mr. Budiman both realized the importance of balancing life between studies and sports, taking up challenges, risking life, living for each other and most importantly, loving life! Works Cited David and Kay Huddleston (Copyright 1999-2009) From www. soccerhelp. com

Free Essays on The Bad Seed

Introduction This is a paper about the effects of nature verses nurture on child development – specifically as it relates to the â€Å"difficult† child. Seeing as the burden of proof rests more on the nature aspect of the way a child develops, this paper focuses more on the evidence that nature indeed takes a huge role in determining â€Å"how† a child could develop. â€Å"Heredity is one of the reasons that parents with problems often have children with problems. It is the most ignored fact in all of Psychology.† (Harris, 1999) The â€Å"Nature verses Nurture† argument is one that has been widely discussed and debated since the very beginning of the idea of child psychology. Child Psychology is a relatively new science, but even in the times of Rousseau, the argument was present. Parents should realize that there is more at work in this issue than their parental methods and family environment when it comes to a child who may be labeled as â€Å"out of control†. So many times, a parent or parents are blamed (or blame themselves) when a child is one of a difficult temperament. This paper will discuss both sides of the nature/nurture issue and come to a researched conclusion. Genetics There is no argument that genetics take a role in the development of a child. Even though it is an obvious biological fact that genes and heredity play some part in a child’s life, it is amazing how much of a role that nature takes. Thomas and Chess identified three main temperaments that a child is born with. The easy temperament is one in which the child smiles easily, adapts to change well and has a positive outlook overall. The slow-to-warm-up temperament is one in which the child is less reactive and emotional, quiet and can be seen as almost negative at first. Eventually, they warm up to people and adapt to situations. The child with a difficult temperament has a hard time adapting to change and is often times negative. ... Free Essays on The Bad Seed Free Essays on The Bad Seed Introduction This is a paper about the effects of nature verses nurture on child development – specifically as it relates to the â€Å"difficult† child. Seeing as the burden of proof rests more on the nature aspect of the way a child develops, this paper focuses more on the evidence that nature indeed takes a huge role in determining â€Å"how† a child could develop. â€Å"Heredity is one of the reasons that parents with problems often have children with problems. It is the most ignored fact in all of Psychology.† (Harris, 1999) The â€Å"Nature verses Nurture† argument is one that has been widely discussed and debated since the very beginning of the idea of child psychology. Child Psychology is a relatively new science, but even in the times of Rousseau, the argument was present. Parents should realize that there is more at work in this issue than their parental methods and family environment when it comes to a child who may be labeled as â€Å"out of control†. So many times, a parent or parents are blamed (or blame themselves) when a child is one of a difficult temperament. This paper will discuss both sides of the nature/nurture issue and come to a researched conclusion. Genetics There is no argument that genetics take a role in the development of a child. Even though it is an obvious biological fact that genes and heredity play some part in a child’s life, it is amazing how much of a role that nature takes. Thomas and Chess identified three main temperaments that a child is born with. The easy temperament is one in which the child smiles easily, adapts to change well and has a positive outlook overall. The slow-to-warm-up temperament is one in which the child is less reactive and emotional, quiet and can be seen as almost negative at first. Eventually, they warm up to people and adapt to situations. The child with a difficult temperament has a hard time adapting to change and is often times negative. ...

Californias Supreme Court Weighs in on Proposition 8

Californias Supreme Court Weighs in on Proposition 8 Since 1911 Californians have played an important role in shaping California's Constitution. Then Governor Hiram Johnson began his term by giving the citizens of California a tool in which they could use to adopt laws and constitutional amendments without the support of the Governor or the Legislature. California became the 10th State to adopt the initiative process (Secretary of State Debra Bowen, 2002).English: Debra Bowen, Secretary of State for Calif...In 2008 the citizens of California introduced Proposition 8, a ballot initiative written to overturn an earlier court decision legalizing same sex marriages. Proposition 8 eliminated the right of same sex couples to marry in California. It also provided that only marriage between a man and woman would be recognized in California. With both sides of the issue weighing in the measure was put to the voters on November 4, 2008. The ballot measure passed with 52.3% saying yes and 47.7% saying no (CBS Broadcasting Inc. (CBS). The State im mediately adopted the measure on November 5, 2008 and challenges to its constitutionality have been on going through the legal system.While thousands demonstrated outside; the California Supreme Court listened to arguments on the constitutionality of proposition 8. Gay rights advocates are seeking to overturn Prop 8 citing the initiative was put before the voters improperly; specifically that changes to the state constitution must be approved by the state legislature before being put on the ballot. Proponents of the Prop 8 are arguing that the initiative was approved correctly and in a free election the voters choose to exercise their right to change the constitution. Arguing for Prop 8, Ken Starr stated "it would be a miscarriage of justice for the court to overturn the results" (Sakuma, 2009, Â ¶ 4).The justices put forth a barrage of questions to Atty. Shannon Minter, arguing for gay...

The debate about a woman's appearance and sexuality Essay

The debate about a woman's appearance and sexuality - Essay Example However, sexualizing the woman imagery has led to increased immorality. Speaker 1: I totally differ with based on your support for sexualized imagery of women in popular culture. Portrayals of women in modern media are becoming hyper-sexualized, and this has such daunting repercussions as escalated legitimization of violence against women, increased sexual harassment as well as increased anti-women attitudes amongst males (American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force, 2007). In addition, increased body dissatisfaction and eating disorders among males and females as well as reduced sexual satisfaction among men and women. Speaker 2: I do agree with your assertions on the consequence attached to sexualized depiction of women in the modern culture. However, my contention is on the notion that there is something wrong with sexualized imagery of women since to me I only see this as a representation of power. Right? Speaker 1: Hmmm. Let me help uncover something that you seem to be missing. As discovered by a study by University at Buffalo, sociologist unearthed that depiction of women in the popular media has even been pornified. Speaker 1: Let me try to accommodate your viewpoint. However, I will draw your attention to Hatton’s quote on the findings of the research at the University at Buffalo.† We don’t necessarily think it’s problematic for women to be portrayed as sexy. But we do think it is problematic when nearly all images of women depict them not simply as sexy women but as passive objects for someone else’ sexual pleasure.’ Speaker: According to my understanding of Hatton’s assertion is that, depiction is not the issue but the issues lies with the audience. It is the audience own evaluation of the imageries as objects for sex; however portrayal is not bad. Speaker 1: The concern arises from the representation. The consequential damage is attached to those portraying

Self-Determination & Nationalist Movements in the Age of the Cold War Essay

Self-Determination & Nationalist Movements in the Age of the Cold War - Essay Example   By reviewing the historical data, it is eminent that most of the countries from the East Asian region are largely affected by the World War II. The impact of World War II has also been fruitful, considering the fact that most of the East Asian nations received independence. Despite this, the newly independent nations and territories have also experienced considerable problems, as these nations are unable to receive any support from other nations. There are large numbers of countries belonging to the East Asian region such as Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam those had received its independence immediately after the World War II.Since, after the World War II those aforementioned countries that experienced tremendous issues relating to political turmoil, ethnic strife, social inequities and weaker economic condition in composition to the Western nations. Vietnam has also experienced similar issues to a considerable extent. It is worth mentioning that prior to the c ommencement of World War II, Vietnam was noted to be under the control of France. During the 19th century, French has arrived in the Indo-China region and intended to establish their colonial state within that particular area. Prior to the outbreak of World War II, France ruled Vietnam as its Kingship country. During the Second World War, Vietnam has been facing numerous problems including poverty, illiteracy, health issues and invaders, which had become a major barrier in the process of the nation’s overall development.

Customer Service Standard Setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Customer Service Standard Setting - Essay Example There have been many issues regarding the pipelines and other accessories that are used to transfer water throughout the city. The problem concerned is that the customer service centers have not been adequate enough to effectively fulfill the requirements of the general public. For this reason I am just not targeting any company instead I will target upon the entire water industry and propose a method that would enable them to make up better decisions using CBA(Cost Benefit Analysis) and the customer preference theory. An important and decisive factor that defines the end of a pipeline's functional life is the customer service standards that are in place. If customers are reluctant to accept any disturbances in water supply then the functional life of the pipeline is much shorter than that for a pipeline whose customers are ready to accept interruptions coupled with failures and the following repair of these failures. This methodology was based upon the procedure of Choice Modeling. Even as still a non-market technique, this technique is considered the state of the art in this area, and is a noteworthy improvement on approaches such as dependent valuation that are subject to context effects that is misrepresentation due to the way in which the questions are asked. Through the use of choice modeling and by questioning a statistically convincing number of customers and dealing with different subsets of this number with delicately varied choices, it is feasible to quantify customers' willingness to pay for various attributes. By classifying attributes valued by customers and their readiness to pay for them, the benefits side of the equation is complete. On the other side of this equation, of course, are costs. Also there is a need to develop an understanding of the social costs associated with water service provision. These comprise the cost of traffic disruption due to pipeline, repairs, failures or replacement (like road blocks occur when such construction or renovation takes place), and the loss to business just because of water service disturbances. These costs can be considerable depending on the conditions and should not be overlooked. Amusingly, these social costs amount high at both very rigid standards and very liberal ones, as social costs are accounted when pipes are often replaced to achieve the higher standard. In this methodology we need to consequently examine through various survey questions and focus groups about the attributes of disturbances of which the customers are most concerned. The questionnaire may include the SSI questions, and various other questions highlighting the attributes of water service. The detail of the results can be reported in the technical report. For the purposes of this report, the following can be stated as the method would show how the respondents coped up with the interruptions; the involved person generally could cope with short disturbances, and the components of such nuisances that are deemed to be important are: Time length of the interruption; Whether they are notified of the interruptions; What day the interruptions happened at what time and Finally, the number of interruptions per year This methodology should undergo identification of the interrupti

Gender Differences in Leadership Essay Example for Free

Gender Differences in Leadership Essay 1. What are the strongest points of the paper? What do you consider are its main contributions to the field of global people management? The paper itself has a very interesting purpose with the research question of whether women leaders are â€Å"really† different from men leaders. The paper gives a very good introduction in particular giving the literature review in order to get familiar with some basic knowledge on the topic of gender differences in leadership. The review focus combination of stereotypes and cultural differences stresses out well a new viewpoint of the problem, which has not been discussed that widely in prior research. Also the introduction of the new notion â€Å"stereotype threat†, which actually might be viewed as a partly solution for women sometimes performing not as well as they possibly could is an interesting point for management issues in reality. However the strongest points of the paper are evident. The introduction of the new concept of three paradigms: gender-blind view, gender-conscious view and that perception creates reality are not only the strongest points of the paper, but in my opinion can also be considered as contributions to the field of global people management. This new paradigms could possibly change the perception of companies, maybe companies will use the tool of the three paradigms to analyse their own structures and be able to improve situations for women, giving them more possibilities. 2. What are the weakest points of the paper? (E.g. What arguments are not strong enough? What is not clear? What is missing?) Potential drawbacks are that paradigms are introduced, but not sufficiently discussed within. Also the paper gives good examples where they can be found, it could show more proof for their existence apart from summarising and drawing them together from old findings. Also the paper does not find a good way how to manage diversity and to capture it. It does not manage the combination of cost-effective coordination and senility to local cultures. Likewise the paper focuses on only two firms, â€Å"Fuel† and â€Å"Excel†, which are very different in how they â€Å"fill† out the paradigms. In my opinion two firms are not enough, more firms should be reviewed for example in a questionnaire in order to give more support for the findings. Correspondingly the paper does not include a focus on multinational firms, which is very important not to leave out in times of globalization. The last criticism is that the paper is unable to answer it’s paper purpose question à ¢â‚¬Å"what is the real difference between men and women in leadership†. 3. How could the author make the paper better? When writing the literature review the could build up the research papers and the gained knowledge chronologically and not going back and forth in the research dates. As the paper is missing some numbers, the technique of hypothesis could have been used, a bigger number of companies questioned in survey style as then a quantitative analysis would exist as evidence for whether the problem exists in real life and whether paradigms can be implied in the general management world. Also the point of view of women on this topic would be very interesting and more expedient. How do women perceive the gender different initiatives, what would they like as support? Also the paper as already mentioned should include a focus on multinational firms and include those in a study.

Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism

Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism Aspects of the contemporary society of Britain, such as the Education and Religion may be explained through the use of the sociological perspectives, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These perspectives offer contrasting insights into the inner-workings of society and are useful in attempting to understand these aspects of social life, utilizing both macrosociology; the study of widespread social processes and microsociology; the study of society at a interpersonal level. Symbolic Interactionism is a social psychological theory devised from the work of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead that studies how individuals act within society (Symbolic Interactionism, no date). The premise of this theory is that individuals behave towards different situations based upon the meaning that the situation holds to them, from physical objects such as trees to institutions such as the government, referred to as symbols. As Symbolic Interactionism is a microsociological theory, the perspective focuses on how the meaning of these symbols to a individual is derived from the interpersonal, social interaction in society. Then through an interpretative process upon experiences, the meanings an individual holds towards symbols will change (Blumer, 1986). There are many examples where individuals find social meaning through symbolic interaction, one being that without symbolic interaction many people would not smoke; however meaning is constructed through the medi a or peer groups and people rationalise that albeit the consequences smoking hold, smoking is desirable. Another social psychological concept of Symbolic Interactionism is Charles Horton Cooleys looking-glass self (1902), which explores how identity is formed. Charles concept states that an individuals identity grows out of interpersonal interactions, and the perception of others. This leads individuals in society to shape themselves around other peoples perspectives and opinions of themselves. The looking-glass self has three main components; firstly imagining how we appear to others, secondly imagining the judgement from others of that appearance and thirdly developing our identity through these judgements (Rousseau, 2002). Functionalism on the other hand is a macrosociological theory which originated from the works of Émile Durkheim, Functionalism is also known as a consensus perspective theory as the perspective does not deal with the issue of social conflict but rather at looks at the ideal in society. Durkheims view on the functionalist perspective looks at the macro-level of social structure, the social institutions, as to explain how these contribute to the stability of society; the core institutions being: family, government, economy, media, education and religion. To a functionalist these social institutions are designed to fill the needs of society, thus shaping society, creating stability (Crossman, 2016). The functionalist perspective argues that institutions only exist to serve a role in how society functions, if the role is no longer needed the institution would not be needed either and if new needs arise in society, institutions will be created to address these roles. As touched upon, Symbolic Interactionism is a micro-sociological theory looking at the interpersonal level of society and Functionalism is a macro-sociological theory which looks at society on the structural level. The difference between the perspectives is vast due to this difference. Using religion as an example Émile Durkheim argued that religion encouraged individuals of society to follow the social norms which Functionalist theorists perceive as bringing about stability through institution (Emile Durkheim the sociology of religion, no date). However as Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the micro level of society, instead of looking at religion as a institution and how it causes people to adhere to social norms, Interactionism looks at the symbolic meaning behind religion. A symbolic interactionist would observe the meanings people attach to such things as religious symbols, like a cross or a mosque, to see how they affect individual behaviour in society (Symbolic Interacti onism, no date). However there are similarities between these perspectives,ÂÂ   despite the differences as to what level of society the perspectives focus on, both theories are similar in how they group individuals together, be it through social class for functionalism and through symbols for interactionism. Education in Britain has changed drastically since the 20th century. The Education Act was introduced in 1944 which guaranteed education for free, for every child in England and Wales. This act also divided the schools into what is the norm today, primary education and secondary education. Throughout the 20th Century, education in britain was a complete contrast to education in contemporary society, corporal punishment was widely used; whereas today the education system has different methods of punishment and students have rights which prevent corporal punishment such as caning. Education in contemporary britain has evolved to be inclusive of gender and those with special educational needs as through the 20th century women and special needs were discriminated against and regarded as unintelligent. Education in contemporary britain has also integrated the use of technology, with the vast majority of students having access to smartphones and the like within school (Reporters, 2014)l. E ducation is at the forefront of modern day society with 33% of students earning a degree in 2000 in contrast to 3.4% of students in 1950. (Bolton, no date) Both perspectives attempt to explain this aspect of social life in contemporary britain in contrasting ways, the Functionalist perspective focuses on the the functions performed by the education system. A functionalist may argue that Education creates Social Solidarity. Social Solidarity is when individuals feel as though they are integrated into something bigger than themselves. Durkheims belief when it comes to education was that the system is built upon the common beliefs of individuals in society, Durkheim believed the system to be a product of collective thought rather than individual thought, therefore making the education system a expression of the collective conscious which adapts over time as societys values change, uniting society with shared values, which is known as value consensus (Hoenisch, 1996). Talcott Parsons (1961), an american functionalist which expanded upon Durkheims writings in the 1950s and 1960s, expressed his view on the education system can be related to c ontemporary britain as being useful to provide a trained labour force as, this is useful to contemporary britain due to it being a advanced industrial economy, which needs a complex division of labour in order to sustain (Cook, 2008). Talcott Parsons (1961) also argued that the education system is the bridge between family and society as a whole for students, preparing for their role in later life after their initial primary socialisation; which is where individuals learn and develop throughout their younger years (Agnihotri, 2008). Parsons (1961) believed that in the family, as the parents understand the unique abilities of their child, the parents will judge the child to a particular set of standards they have come to expect, this is known as particularistic standards. However due to the education system, children learn that outside of the family individuals are judged by universalistic standards, which is where rules and laws apply to all people, regardless of the character of th e person, education teaches this. From a functionalist viewpoint, education in contemporary britain is used to assign roles to people in society through the use of examinations and qualifications. Education also introduces meritocracy, which is a equality of opportunity; every student has a chance to succeed (Thompson, 2015). An interactionists perspective however will focus on studies on interpersonal interaction within the school, such as in the classroom, in the lunch hall and on the playground. Studies show that teachers perception of students can affect the learning environment, A study carried out by Robert Rosenthal (1968)ÂÂ   and Lenore Jacobson (1968) focuses on a group of students throughout a school year, at the start of the school year the teachers where told which students where intelligent and which where unintelligent. The study showed at the end of the year that the students which the teachers had been informed where intelligent performed better throughout the year than the students deemed unintelligent, although the students where labelled to the teachers at random. A Interactionist will look at how due to the teachers having that knowledge inadvertently caused them to praise the intelligent students more often, and spend more time with them. Interactionists will also look at how Soc ial Interaction contributes to gender-role socialization, studies show that teachers praise males more often (Jones Dindia, 2004) Functionalism is useful in understanding how the education system is more work focused in contemporary society with increasing vocational courses. The perspective allows us to see how roles are allocated in society and how the education system brings around a value consensus in society. Its also useful in understanding how society teaches children what the universalistic standards are. However Functionalism tends to look at the macro elements of the education system rather than at the interpersonal level where functionalism can be criticized due to ignoring negatives such as bullying. It can also be criticised due to the fact the Marxist perspective argues education is not meritocratic due to the fact private schools only benefit the wealthy. Symbolic Interactionism on the other hand is useful in understanding the interpersonal relationships between parties such as the teacher and the student, allowing researchers to understand how individuals behavior shape society through observati ons and gathering qualitative data, understanding how society come to learn gender roles and how the labelling theory works as shown in the study aforementioned; a student being given more praise makes the student believe they are intelligent and therefore tries to fit that label, which is known in sociology as the self-fulfilling prophecy. According to Manis and Meltzer (1978) Symbolic Interactionism also makes it difficult to understand on a broad level the education system in contemporary society due to being limited to only micro-social structures and that the perspective neglects emotional conduct, focusing only on logical behaviour. Bolton, P. (no date) Commons Briefing papers SN04252. House of Commons.