Texting All Teams Amazon Enters the Cell Phone Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 565 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Technology Essay Level High school Tags: Cell Phone Essay Did you like this example? According to the case study from the text book, Essentials of Organizational Behavior, (Scandura 252).   Lab126 which is Amazons private lab was given the task in 2009 to develop a new smart which is known as the, Fire Phone today. The case study also stated some features that were brought up during the initial conceptual phase for creating this phone. Such as double touch screens, using the phone as A USB drive, teleconferencing capabilities or infrared cameras. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Texting All Teams: Amazon Enters the Cell Phone Market" essay for you Create order These ideas most likely came up during the, Team Decision Making Methods that the books mention. Brainstorming is one of the most common forms of team decision making (Scandura 237238). Brainstorming is a conference technique of solving specific problems, amassing information, stimulating creative thinking, developing new ideas, etc., by unrestrained and spontaneous participation in discussion (Dictionary.com, 2018). The number of ideas generated in the brainstorming process should be filtered by all the group members. After reviewing all these ideas thoroughly Amazon should have split the group into small teams, and according to their field of expertise they are responsible to explore more in-depth features. For instance, one team could have been focused on refining the idea of using the Fire Phone as a USB drive. It also can be very challenging to evaluate the teams success before placing the product on the market. Therefore, one way to see if this product would sell is to use focus groups to test the new ideas, and possible prototypes of the phone. Using focus groups would avoid and doubt or questions before placing this product on the market. Also, Amazon could have tested the new phone inside their corporation but use different employees not the ones that were involved in developing this product. Using your own employees would be an excellent source of feedback to evaluate the teams success before placing the phone on the market for consumers. As a leader of this highly technical team the best decision-making method for achieving the greatest result for the product would be the Consensus method. This method involves discussing ideas and deferring a final decision until everyone can say they have been heard and will support the final decision (Scandura 238). During this process, team members can convey with each other about other features that could be implemented as they progress forward as a team. The biggest factor in creating this product could be the different personalities of each individual member of the team. Even though, engineers are directed by theories, facts, testing a number in their technical field of expertise; their personality may trigger many conflicts inside the team as they may think that they are right and others wrong (Personailtymax.com,2016). Also, a leader or supervisor cannot be called all the time to resolve conflict, but when a serious issue comes up it must be taking care of immediately. Leadership should come in the play after discussing the problem and trying different methods to reach a solution. Sometimes though as a team or group an agreement cannot be reached and such prevents the team to progress forward. At this point a leader or supervisor needs to step up and make an executive decision and impose his/her authority to solve the conundrum. A important fact to remember when making a final decision as a leader you is to make sure you do undermine anyone on the team so to dont diminish the teams purpose.

Luxury And The Privacy At A Self Catering Lodging

Whether or not you are an independent-minded traveler, you will surely love the luxury and the privacy at a self-catering lodging. Unlike hotel accommodation choices, you will have the freedom to check-in and checkout at your convenience and preference. Plus, the opulent property will give you a relaxing setting for your rejuvenation, inspiring touring opportunities and quick access to nearby attractions. Villas definitely stand atop the list of a self-catering lodging choice. However, it always depends on what you expect from your holiday accommodation based on your needs and budget. In this article, you will find a brief comparison of both the lodging options and the value of each. Hotel holidays: There are close to endless choices of hotels, including both budget and high-end ones at each destination worldwide. That means finding one for your holiday lodging will never be a hassle. This is one of the few reasons why people choose a hotel for their holiday stay. Another plus point is that hotels offer many services without any extra cost. You can get your room cleaned, launder your clothes, and order room service. Plus, the on-site restaurants offer enticing menu choices so that each guest can enjoy some hearty meals during their stay. If your idea of a perfect vacation sounds like this, then a hotel stay might be the best option for you. But in the other hand, hotel rooms can be very limiting and expensive. For a spacious opulent suite, you will end up paying a lot.Show MoreRelatedSunset Boulevard Essay1932 Words   |  8 Pagescompartmentalization that allows the downtrodden to hope and carry on. Sunset Boulevard carefully considers the intricate honeycombs of dishonesty an d deception that constitute a human life, then dissolves the barriers and watches the emotions, lies, and self-contradictions slurry together and react in often volatile and destructive ways. The complex web of half-truths and false impressions that give the diegesis of Sunset Boulevard its convolution manifests in the visual imagery and physical attributesRead MoreHotel Organisation7416 Words   |  30 PagesThese individuals arrange for hotel accommodations through such means as direct telephone lines; hotel sales representatives; travel agencies; property-to-property networks; postal delivery; telex and fax; and other communications services. Every lodging property has its own way of monitoring and managing its reservations function. The reservations department is responsible for receiving and processing reservation requests for future overnight accommodations. Although procedures may differ from hotelRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26269 Words   |  106 Pagesfollowing diagram shows the relationship between the hospitality and tourism industry. Can you think of more services with examples to add to the diagram? Hospitality Industry Tourism Industry Hospitality Institutional/ Welfare Catering e.g. Hospital Catering Commercial Accommodation Services e.g. Hotels, Guest Houses Transportation services e.g. Car Rental, Airlines In Activity 4 we learned the hospitality industry is a part of a wider group of economic activities called tourismRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26276 Words   |  106 PagesThe following diagram shows the relationship between the hospitality and tourism industry. Can you think of more services with examples to add to the diagram? Hospitality Industry Tourism Industry Hospitality Institutional/ Welfare Catering e.g. Hospital Catering Commercial Accommodation Services e.g. Hotels, Guest Houses Transportation services e.g. Car Rental, Airlines In Activity 4 we learned the hospitality industry is a part of a wider group of economic activities called tourism. 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Also, these women are constantly changing their bags especially with different seasons; and handbag retailers like Chanel, Gucci, and Celine offer these products, which always seem to be more versatile and improved. Each season luxury brand, Chanel redesigns and innovates new styles in which they advertise them with tastefulRead MoreProfiles of a Spa Customer6542 Words   |  27 Pages(English.Chosun, 2007). These days spas come a dime a dozen, and massage parlors are as prolific as muscle aches. If before getting a spa treatment was a luxury only few could afford, the times have changed to adapt to the indulgent desires of an evolving status quo. Today spa treatments come in a range of prices, the spas themselves catering to particular markets. There is bound to be one in your neighborhood, just as likely as there is one off-shore in some fancy beach resort. Student prices nowRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesBuffett. How did they do it? Starbucks is also a rapidly growing new firm—not as much as Google, but still great—and a credit to founder Howard Schultz’s vision of transforming a prosaic product, coffee, into a gourmet coffee house experience at luxury prices. Boston Beer burst on the microbrewery scene with Samuel Adams beers, higher priced even than most imports. Notwithstanding this—or maybe because of it—Boston Beer became the largest microbrewer. It proved that a small entrepreneur can compete Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagespersonal account using the access code supplied with the copy of the book. Access the following teaching and learning resources: Resources for students †¢ A dynamic eText of the book which you can search, bookmark, annotate and highlight as you please †¢ Self-assessment questions that identify your strengths before recommending a personalised study plan that points you to the resources which can help you achieve a better grade †¢ Key concept audio summaries that you can download or listen to online †¢ Video

Business Management Motivation Free Essays

Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs (Robbins, 168). For some business analysts, employee motivation is a good way to increase productivity in an organization. When people get motivated, they will have a reason to put more efforts on what they are doing. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Motivation is a crucial management tool in lifting the organization’s work force’s ability. There are many different ways to motivate employees. Employers can motivate their workers as individuals, groups, teams, or the organization as a whole. Motivation takes forms like offering rewards, improving working conditions, or employee recognition. However, which approach should employers try? Team-based reward systems have been raised as an issue in work management areas. Many people prefer team-based reward systems to an individual approach. San Diego Business Journal, issued on Oct. 6, 1997, published an article titled â€Å"Team-Based Productivity Incentive System.† This article summarized the ideas that supported the team-based approach. The author, Bob Harrington, opposed the individual reward system. As he stated, individual reward systems create unnecessary competition and reduce cooperation between employees. It also reduces creativity because employees will only do what is necessary to get rewarded. Moreover, Harrington said team-based incentives influence individuals to work well together and cooperate with one another. No longer are employees and management measured purely against financial information. Instead, outstanding performance is based on a combination of items that measure the strategic objectives of the corporation. This paper will see if the team-based incentive systems are the best approach for business environments as Harrington discussed. Medical insurance and educational opportunities, among others are all common benefits in compensation programs for many manufacturers. Many people argued that these benefits attract and retain employees, but have little to do with work performance. Some also believe that if these benefits are spread out among workers in general, these kinds of work incentives will not guarantee good performance. Well Pay vs. Sick Pay is an example of how an incentive program reinforces wrong behavior and reduces productivity. Manufacturers with incentive systems that reward employees for achievements and growth can increase their competitiveness and profitability in today’s global market. Yes, it is true that organizations need to have incentive systems to satisfy their work force. Team-based incentive systems such as gain sharing, profit sharing, etc., become increasingly popular in work environments. People now are required to work as a team, and altogether help each other to achieve an objective. Your work is my work, and your responsibility is mine. People will become more cohesive as working in a group or a team. Team-based incentives offer several advantages. However, I do not totally agree with Harrington that individual incentive systems do not have any good influence over workers’ performance. Some people are extremely successful when they work on their own. People, who are raised in an individualistic culture, might not benefit from working in a group. So, individual incentive systems do play an important role in increasing a work force’s productivity as long as the employers know how to use this reinforcement system properly. If organizations set a standard to measure individual achievement and reward that individual on what he (she) perform, then, the individual incentive system might work as well as the team-based one. Moreover, managers need to realize that team-based incentive systems might cause Social Loafing effect in the work force – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually (Robbins, 260). Motivations are necessary in a working environment to increase the productivity of the work force. Reward systems must create a win-win situation for employees and employers. Team-based incentive systems might work very well and are a preferred process for many organizations in today’s work market; however, managers should adopt individual incentive systems in many cases, when employees are more skillful, efficient, and effective as working individually. The major purpose of the incentive system is to motivate and organize employees. How to cite Business Management Motivation, Essay examples

Managerial Finance Annual Report and Accounts

Question: Describe about the Managerial Finance of Annual Report and Accounts. Answer: Introduction ASOS Plc is an international fashion stop for young people, founded in the year 2000 and headquartered in London, England. ASOS is a British beauty and online store that aims to offer more than 80,000 branded and self-brand items with the assistance of web encounters and localized mobile from their respective centers situated in United States, China, United Kingdom, and Europe to near about every place in the world (ASOS, 2015). In relation to the financial year 2015, the company was in an advantageous position in the year because it reported an enhancement of around eighty percent of sales in United Kingdom that includes around twelve percent of enhancement in global sales accompanies with steady profits. ASOS has adopted various effective steps to meet the satisfaction of its customers and has framed strategies to enhance its technology developments that have further assisted in attaining the major goals of the company (ASOS, 2015). The consumer involvement of the company continues to be effectively high and developing each year. Furthermore, the motive of the company remains firm in becoming the number one fashionable spot for people especially in the twenties (Deegan, 2011). Computation of 5 Key Ratio Profitability Ratio These ratios are a class of economical metrics that are utilized to evaluate the ability of a business to generate revenues or earnings compared to its costs and other associated expenses incurred during a particular period of time. Return on assets Return on assets is an indicator of how profitable a company is associated to its total assets. It offers an idea as to how effective management is at utilizing its assets to generate earnings. It is computable by dividing the total annual earnings of a company by its total assets and depicted as a percentage. Therefore, higher return on assets ratio signifies better use of assets by a company. Return on Assets 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Income (I) 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 Assets (II) 4,77,897 3,79,963 3,11,751 2,06,278 1,36,168 Return on Assets (I/II) 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.05 0.08 Net Profit Margin This ratio computes the earnings or revenues made by a company as a percentage of the total sales achievable by it. Therefore, higher the distinctions between the revenues and expenses, more is the companys net profit (Christensen, 2011). Thus, net profit margin ratio is very beneficial in ascertaining the capability of a company to enhance its earnings without enhancing its costs in a similar amount. This ratio is computable by dividing the net income of a company by its total sales during a year. The following depicts the net profit margin of ASOS Plc for the past five years: Net Profit Margin 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Net Income (I) 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 Sales Revenue (II) 11,50,788 9,75,470 7,69,396 2,38,023 3,39,691 Net Profit Margin (I/II) 3.20 3.79 5.32 4.16 3.19 Liquidity Ratio This ratio measures the ability of a company to pay off debt obligations and its margin of safety (MOS) through the computation of metrics accompanying the current ratio, operating cash flow ratio, and quick ratio (Choi Meek, 2011). Thus, to sustain smooth operations of the company, it has to maintain a proportion betwixt its liquid assets and non-liquid assets. Current ratio It is the ratio between current assets and current liabilities of a company. The normal standard of a current ratio is usually two, which implies that the assets of a company must be double of its liabilities so that obligations can be easily paid off. Hence, current ratio going below one is very problematic for a company (Davies Crawford, 2012) Current ratio is computable by dividing the current assets of a company by its current liabilities. Current Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Current Assets (I) 3,37,098 2,60,662 2,33,132 1,47,638 83,809 Current Liabilities (II) 2,37,298 1,85,539 1,51,952 1,00,291 66,848 Current Ratio (I/II) 1.42 1.40 1.53 1.47 1.25 Efficiency ratio This ratio typically applies to banks and in general terms, it implies expenses as a percentage of revenue with a few differences. It is utilized to evaluate how well a company utilizes its liabilities and assets internally (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). It can compute the repayment of liabilities, turnover of receivables, basic use of machinery and inventory, etc. It assists an investor to facilitate comparison between two or more companies of similar industry. Earnings per share (EPS) The EPS of a company is the portion of its profit attributable to each outstanding share of common stock. It is computable by dividing the total earnings of a company by its number of equity shares (Fields, 0qq). The Earnings per share of ASOS Plc during the five-year period are as follows: Earnings Per Share 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Total Earnings attributable to owners 36,866 36,950 40,928 9,904 10,849 No of Shares 83,034 83,125 81,751 79,078 74,375 Earnings Per Share 44.40 44.45 50.06 12.52 14.59 Solvency Ratio This ratio assists in measuring the capability of a company to meet its long-term debts. Besides, the solvency ratio quantifies the company size after tax income, not accommodating non-cash depreciation costs, as contrasted to a companys net debt obligation (Brealey et. al, 2011). In other words, it assists in evaluating the capital structure of a company. Equity Ratio This ratio is a kind of financial ratio that assists in the computation of amount of assets financed by equity. It measures the proportion of net assets financed by stakeholders, as opposed to creditors. It is computable by dividing the total assets of a company by its total equity (Brigham Daves, 2012). Besides, ASOS does not possess any leverage and hence debt is absent. The following portrays the equity ratio of ASOS during the five-year period: Equity Ratio 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 Total Equity (I) 2,37,315 1,93,031 1,59,799 1,05,987 72,120 Total Assets (II) 4,77,897 3,79,963 3,11,751 2,06,278 1,36,168 Equity Ratio (I/II) 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.53 Price Earnings Ratio (P/E ratio) In order to compute the Price Earnings ratio of ASOS Plc, it is crucial to consider the share prices of the company and its previous reported earnings. The following depicts the P/E ratio of ASOS based on several sources: Market price per share (equity) = 4,606 (approximately) EPS (Earnings per share) = 44.40 P/E ratio is computable by dividing the price per share by its earnings per share. Therefore, the P/E ratio of ASOS reports at 4606 / 44.40 = 103.74 Since the current P/E ratio of the company reports at around 18 times, it is assumable that an investor is more likely to sacrifice a price that is 103.74 times the EPS of the company. Analysis based on above calculation Profitability Ratio- It is observable that the company has attained significant growth achievements despite the fact that it has not existed for a prolonged period. Furthermore, its net profit margin ranges from 3%-5% that is a good indicator. The ROTA of ASOC has also been firm and it is noticeable that the company is striving to develop with every surpassing year. Both the net profit margin and ROTA was at maximum in 2013. Liquidity- The current ratio of ASOS reports around 1.5 every year that is not very beneficial but at the same time, not so dangerous to its liquidity. It is assumable that the companys liquidity is in a moderate zone. Efficiency- EPS of the company assists in determining its efficiency. It is observable that EPS has enhanced since the past five years that signifies successful implementation of strategies, thereby facilitating in better earnings of the company. Investment- The capital structure of the company refers to its investment and it is observable that its capital structure is free from debt. This means that the company operations are conducted through the funds obtained from issue of shares (Albrecht et. al, 2011). Besides, the solvency of ASOS Plc relies on its capital structure. However, the equity ratio of ASOS is also firm during the five years, which signifies adequate maintenance of investment in equity and assets in a same proportion that has facilitated in sustenance of equity ratio to be around 0.50. ASOS Plcs movement of share prices during 2014-2015 The below-mentioned graph portrays the movement of share price of ASOS during 2014-2015. It is observable that the company share prices vary from 4,194 GBP to 1,785 GBP in the year. Besides, the decline in share prices was noticeable in the beginning months after which the company made a huge leap and attained its maximum in the month of April 2015 that reported share price at 3000 GBP (ASOS Plc, 2016). Conclusion It is observable that the aggregate performance of the company is quite good despite the fact that it has been in operation for only sixteen years and still, it has managed to attain impressive outcomes. Furthermore, the company has played a key role in adequate satisfaction of investors through appropriate implementation of the strategies. This signifies the core strength and fundamentals of the company that has allowed it to gain a competitive advantage in the market. Thus, ASOS Plc is clearly to perform with better outcomes in the upcoming future and the investors can continue investment in the company for obtaining better returns. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. Stice, J 2011, Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. ASOS 2015, ASOS Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 17 August 2016, https://www.asosplc.com/investors/results-reports/2015.aspx ASOS Plc 2016, ASOS share price information, viewed 17 August 2016, https://www.asosplc.com/investors/shareprice-information/shareprice-chart.aspx Brealey, R., Myers, S. Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C 2011, Financial Management: Theory and Practice, USA: Cengage Learning. Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Christensen, J 2011, Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41-51 Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fields, E 2011, The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers, New York: American Management Association.

What makes up an effective leadership an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

What makes up an effective leadership? Introduction One of the most crucial elements of a successful group work is the leadership ability of the group head. Above anyone else in a group, the leader is the person with the vision; a person whose vision transcends beyond the limits of time, age, race, resources, and any other barriers. Need essay sample on "What makes up an effective leadership?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Clark (2007) clearly had it: Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader and good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. This suggests that in every individual, there lies leadership ability. It just needs honing. Further Clark (2007) added that in order for a leader to inspire his/her workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things he/she must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels, said Clark (2007). Indeed, of what meaning would laurels be if the individual is not continuously updating his/her knowledge and skills to become an effective leader? Leadership, being a broad topic as it is, could not be defined by just a single author. Leadership is a dynamic field. One culture may see leadership differently compared with another culture. In any event, it all depends upon each cultures situation; set of most abiding beliefs and attendant values; and needs. There is a myriad of concepts of what constitutes an effective leadership. First, this paper aimed to discuss the three general forms of leadership: (1) democratic, (2) laissez-faire, and (3) autocratic. Second, this paper offered a critique on the best form of leadership to adopt. The data supporting the authors concept were gathered through the authors leadership history and through various published works on leadership. Forms of Leadership There are different forms of leadership. For purpose of simplicity, this paper adopts the categorization proposed by Kurt Lewin (1939). Democratic Style. Also called the participative style, the democratic style of leadership encourages members to be a part of the decision making process. The leader keeps his or her members informed about everything that affects their work and participates decision making and problem solving responsibilities. This style requires the leader to be a coach who has the final say, but gathers information from staff members before making a decision. This is opposed to autocratic style of leadership where all the decisions come from the leader and the members do not participate in the decision-making process. Laissez-faire Style. This French term means leave it be. True to it, the laissez-faire leadership style is also referred to as the hands-off style. In this form of leadership, the leader provides little or no direction and gives the members as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. Autocratic Style. This is often considered the classical approach. It is one in which the manager retains as much power and decision-making authority as possible. The leader does not consult his or her constituents nor are the constituents allowed to express any idea or input. The constituents are expected to obey orders without receiving any explanations. The motivation environment is produced by creating a structured set of rewards and punishments. Those who obey the leader get rewards while those who do not get punished. Authoritarian leaders provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. Critique: What is the best form of leadership to adopt? Ideally, the form of leadership that one should adopt must depend of the needs and goals of the organization. But democratic style is gaining popularity because of its participative nature. Let us critique each style of leadership. Autocratic leadership, as its nature suggests, is undermining the capabilities of its members to create, think, decide, and suggest. This form of leadership relies on punishments and threats to influence the members. Since the leader does not allow the members to suggest ideas, essentially, he does not trust the intellectual faculty of its members. But do not get the impression that autocratic style of leadership is evil and restrictive and ineffective. It may work somehow on certain situations like having new members in a group who are inexperienced and do not know what tasks to execute and procedures to follow. In this case the leader dictates and usually makes the decision. Time can also influence the form of leadership that one adopts. If there is limited time, the leader may actually decide without consulting its members. Of course this is a case-to-case basis. That is why it is very important for a leader to know how to PROPERLY use this type to achieve the goal of the organization. Laissez-faire type of leadership may be effective when the members of the group are highly educated, highly skilled, and highly experienced. In such case, the role of the leader is limited to being the mediator in the group. Of all the leadership style, the democratic style is gaining popularity because it is participative in nature. They say two brains are better than one. Indeed! Problems are easier solved when many brains search for the solution. A more polished plan is produced if many brains would constructively critique the plan. And most importantly, history would tell that many of human successes were born out of collective action rather than by an individual enterprise. So therefore, what is the most effective style of leadership to adopt? It all depends on the leaders experience and personal background, the members, and the vision and mission of the organization. At some point, the leader may be autocratic or democratic or a combination of different types. That is why it is very important the leader should be dynamic, intelligent, quick-thinker, flexible, respectful, trustworthy, and all those positive attitudes. However, Lewins research in 1939 discovered that democratic leadership is generally the most effective leadership style. Not only do democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but also enable participation in the group and allow input from other group members. In Lewins 1939 study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a much higher quality. There is no restriction to human imagination and creativity. Surely, the leader knows the best form of leadership to adopt in order to achieve the goal of the group. Conclusion The different types of leadership according to Kurt Lewin (1939) have been discussed. There are no hard and fast criteria as to what makes up an effective leadership. The style of leadership that a leader assume depends on many factors such as, but not limited to, the experience of the leader, the characteristics of the members, and the mission and vision of the organization. Bibliography Clark D. (2007). The Art and Science of Leadership [internet]. Available from: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leader.html [Accessed 11 August 2007]. Lewin, K., LIippit, R. and White, R.K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301

organ essays

organ essays By this time tomorrow, 12 people in America who are alive right now will be dead. Not because they were in a car wreck, not even because they werent in the hospital, but simply because they couldnt be given a life-saving transplant in time. 12 people will die because the organ transplant they need will not be possible. There are more than enough potential donors who pass away each day who could meet all the needs of people on the waiting list. The problem is, those potential donors die without leaving instructions that they are prepared to help someone live after them This is a problem on an enormous scale. Currently, nearly 60,000 Americans are waiting for a life saving organ transplant One to two people are added to the national waiting list for organs every fifteen minutes. Only five thousand people have donated organs each year for the past twelve years. Kidney transplantation has a one year success rate of greater than 90%. B. Heart transplantation has a one year success rate of greater than 85%. C. Liver transplantation has a one year success rate of greater than 65%. D. Tissue transplant can restore sight, hearing, and other functions. ORGAN DONATION BRINGS STRONG, POSITIVE BENEFITS TO THE DONOR FAMILY. A. Research shows that donations provide comfort and long-term consolation to donor family members. B. Family members need to feel that their loved ones death has meaning, especially when the donor isyoung or has died suddenly ...

Negligence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Negligence Law - Essay Example Stevenson.4 This is the seminal case which changed the nature of duty. In this case, the plaintiff found a slug in her ginger beer and sued the proprietor of the store who sold this. The justice stated that duty would be broadly defined, in that anybody who might be harmed by the tortfeasor are people to whom the tortfeasor owes a duty. Therefore, privity is not required. Capraro v. Dickman5 expanded on the Donoghue analysis, stating that duty of care is required when there is foreseeable harm, proximity between the parties and that holding the tortfeasor liable would be reasonable and just. Breach is the next element that needs to be proved. Basically, negligence turns on whether or not the duty of care is breached. According to Bolton v. Stone6 states that the injury must be foreseeable for there to be a breach. In that case, the plaintiff was hit by a cricket ball. However, it was not foreseeable that a cricket ball would fly out of the arena and hit a remote person, therefore, th e injury was not foreseeable and the defendants were held not be negligent and did not breach a duty of care. Overseas Tankship v. Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd7 also illustrates this point. In Overseas, the defendants were allowing oil to spill out on water, and they were also sending sparks into the oil on the water. The oil ignited. However, the Overseas court held that the it was not foreseeable for water to ignite, therefore the defendants were not held liable. Causation is the next element. There is direct causation, which means that the defendant directly caused injury, and proximate causation. In proximate causation, the tortfeasor may not have directly caused the injury, but the injury was related to the tortfeasor's actions. defendant’s actions. Courts will classically use the â€Å"but for† test for causation, which means that, but for the defendant's negligence, the injury would not have occurred. Several cases may illustrate how this is applied, or not applied, as the case may be. Courts will not apply hold a defendant negligent if the injury would have occurred anyway, even if there was no negligence. For instance, in the case of South Australia Asset Management Corp. v. York Montague Ltd., a classic example of this type of injury was stated – a mountaineer is about to go on a difficult climb, but is worried about his knee. His doctor negligently examines the mountain climber and tells him he is fit to climb. The climber goes on his climb and is injured. But for the negligent medical examination the climber would not have been on the mountain climb. However, the actual injury has nothing to do with the knee – perhaps the climber is struck by a falling rock on the climb. In this situation, the doctor isn't liable for negligence, even though the climber would never have been injured but for the doctor's negligence. Another example of injury or death which might be held to be result of negligence, but was deemed not t o be the proximate cause of the death is the case of Barnett v Chelsea & Kensington Hospital Management Committee. 8 In this case, a man went to an emergency room but was told to go home and call his doctor. He died of arsenic poisoning. It was held,